广东省惠东县眼科门诊患者干眼的流行病学调查

Epidemiological investigation of Huidong county in guangdong province from ophthalmology clinic patients with dry eye

目的了解该地区眼科普通门诊患者中干眼的发病情况，探讨干眼发病的相关因素及防治措施。方法横断面研究。对2014年8—10月在惠东县人民医院眼科门诊20岁以上患者进行横断面调查研究，除外不适合干眼检查的患者，对有疑似干眼症状者进行Schirmer试验I（SIT）、泪膜破裂时间（BUT）、角膜荧光染色（FL）等检查确定诊断。结果符合选人标准的1842例门诊患者中，干眼患者256例，患病率为13．90％。其中20-39岁、40-59岁、60岁以上发病率分别为8．82％、13．07％、17．15％。其中女性20．37％，男性6．0％，女性患病率明显高于男性，差异有统计学意义（x^2=9.42，P〈0．01）。随年龄的增长患病率呈上升趋势，差异有统计学意义（x^2=12．26，P〈0．05）。合并全身、局部疾病主要为糖尿病、老年性白内障术后，干眼患病率分别为35．14％及57．14％。工作环境恶劣及长期过度疲劳用眼者，干眼患病率分别为44．00％及39．39％。经Logisitc回归检查差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论人群中女性患病率明显高于男性，随年龄的增长患病率呈上升趋势。与干眼症发病相关的因素有年龄、性别、全身及眼部疾病、职业、工作环境等。

Objective To understand the incidence of dry eye in the Department of Ophthalmology, and to explore the relevant factors and prevention measures of dry eye disease. Methods A cross-sectional study were administered to patients in the department of ophthalmology of our hospital from August 2014 to October 2014 for the aged 20 and above, except for the patients could not performing dry eye examination. The dry eye suspect patients received Schirmer test I（SIT）, tear break-up time （BUT）, corneal fluorescein staining （FL） examination to confirm the diagnosis of dry eye. Results A total of 1842 patients were selected in line with the standard, 256 cases of dry eye patients, the prevalence rate was 13.9%; of which 20-39, 40-59 years old, 60 years old the inci- dence rates were 8.82%, 13.07%, 17.15%. The female 20.37%, male 6%, female prevalence rate was significantly higher than that of male （x^2 =9.42, P 〈0.001）; with the increase of age prevalence rate assumes the trend of escalation （x^=12.26, P 〈0.05）. Combination of systemic and local disease mainly for diabetes, senile cataract surgery, dry eye prevalence was 35.14% and 57.14% respectively. Poor working conditions and long dry eye with the eye excessive fatigue prevalence was 44.00% and 39.39% respectively. After Logisitc regression, the differences were statistically significant. Conclusions The prevalence of dry eye in female is higher than male, with age prevalence rate assumes the trend of escalation. Factors associated with dry eye disease are age, gender, body and eye disease, occupation, work environment ect.