38种植物甲醇提取物除草活性的测定

Herbicidal Activities of Methanol Extracts of 38 Plants

采用拟南芥的竖直培养皿法,以根长抑制率为指标,进行了38种甲醇提取物除草活性的初步测定。挑选出了其中活性较好的16种植物甲醇提取物,采用小杯法,以根长、茎长和鲜质量作为指标,测定它们对三叶鬼针草的除草活性。结果表明:供试植物中有5种植物甲醇提取物对三叶鬼针草的活性显著,根长、茎长和鲜质量的IC50值均小于1 000μg/m L,它们分别是:竹节草[Chrysopogon aciculatus(Retz.)]、地胆草(Elephantopus scaber L.)、牡蒿(Artemisia japonica Thumb)、金钱松[Pesudolarix kaempferi(Lindl.)Gord]、猫儿刺(Ilex pernyi Franch)。其中,竹节草甲醇提取物对三叶鬼针草根长、茎长和鲜质量的IC50值分别是489.38,558.88,652.38μg/m L,地胆草甲醇提取物对三叶鬼针草根长、茎长和鲜质量的IC5 0值分别是643.76,347.56,611.48μg/m L。

The herbicidal activities of 38 plant extracts were tested by vertical dish method of Arabidopsis thaliana（ L.） Heynh.using the root growth inhibition as the index.The herbicidal activities of methanol extracts of 16 plants were further confirmed by Bidens pilosa L. using small glass method by inhibition of root length,stem growth and fresh weight.The results showed that 5 of them Chrysopogon aciculatus（ Retz.）,Elephantopus scaber L.,Artemisia japonica Thumb,Pesudolarix kaempferi（ Lindl.） Gord and Ilex pernyi Franch） had obvious herbicidal activities,with IC50 values less than 1 000 μg / m L. Among them,C. aciculatus,E. scaber and A. japonica were the best. The IC50 value of C. aciculatus methanol extracts on root length,stem growth and fresh weight of Bidens pilosa L. were 489.38,558.88,652.38 μg / m L and the IC50 of E. scaber methanol extracts on the root length,stem growth and fresh weight of Bidens pilosa L. were 643.76,347.56,611.48 μg / m L.The herbicidal activities and the chemical constituents of these two plants deserve more studies.