北朝时期窑业技术的初步研究

An Initial Research on the Porcelain Manufacturing Techniques of the Northern Dynasties

北朝时期的瓷器生产在中国瓷器史上占有重要的地位。窑址主要分布在以安阳为中心的相州地区、以徐州为中心的徐兖地区和以淄博为中心的青齐地区。通过对窑炉和窑具的全面分析可知,徐兖地区的窑业技术受南方地区越窑影响而诞生,逐步发展、完善后渐而向北推移到达青齐地区。相州地区窑址中出土的窑具品种丰富,是北方窑业技术的集中地,其窑具技术既有徐兖、青齐地区的传入,也有自生技术。南北朝时期人口广泛而频繁地迁移是窑具技术得以传播的主要因素。

The porcelain production of the Northern Dynasties plays an important role in the history of Chinese porcelain. The kilns at the time were mainly distributed in Xiangzhou region with the center at Any- ang, Xuyan region with the center at Xuzhou, and Qingqi region with the center at Zibo. This paper makes a full examination on the kilns and kiln furniture of the Northern Dynasties and concludes that the porcelain manufacturing techniques in Xuyan region emerged with the inspiration from the Yue kilns in the South and spread northward to the Qin-Qi region after being developed and perfected; and that Xiangzhou epitomized the porcelain manufacturing techniques in the North by combining locally invented techniques with those im- ported from Xuyan and Qingqi regions, as demonstrated by the great variety of kiln furniture unearthed in the region. It is believed that the extensive and frequent migration in the Northern and Southern Dynasties is a main contributor to the spreading of porcelain manufacturing techniques at the time.