基于误差理论的产状测量精度评定

Evaluation on precision of occurrence measurement based on theory of errors

以边坡为研究对象,针对基于罗盘、免棱镜全站仪、激光测距仪、三维激光扫描仪和数字摄影测量工作站的5种产状测量方法,采用误差理论进行产状测量精度评定。研究表明,罗盘产状测量的倾向、倾角中误差分别为±4°和±3°,其精度评定既可以提高对罗盘产状测量精度的认识,也可为其他4种非接触类产状测量方法的精度评定提供验算数据。利用罗盘只能进行高陡边坡下部结构面的产状测量,测量范围有限且高耗低效;非接触类产状测量方法则可以解决人员难以到达的高陡边坡上部结构面的产状测量问题。其中,三维激光扫描和数字近景摄影测量方法可以获取边坡岩体大量随机结构面上的产状信息,为基于随机动力学的边坡稳定性评价提供重要的基础数据。

The article takes slope as subject investigated and the precision in occurrence measurement of five methods such as compass,reflectorless Total Station Instrument（ TSI）,laser range finder,3D laser scanner and digital photogrammetric workstation are evaluated by adopting theory of errors. The root-mean-squrare（ RMS） errors of trend and dip angle in compass occurrence measurement are ± 4°and ± 3°,respectively. The precision evaluation not only increases the cognition on the precision of compass occurrence measurement but also provides checking calculation data for the precision evaluation of the other four non-contact occurrence measurement methods. The compass can only be used to measure the occurrence of the underneath discontinuity on high steep slope.It is range-limited,energy-intensive and ineffective. The non-contact methods can measure the upper discontinuity on high steep slope which is difficult for people to reach. The methods using 3D laser scanner and digital closerange photogrammetry can obtain occurrence information of massive stochastic discontinuity on rock mass slope and provide important basic data for the evaluation of slope stability based on stochastic dynamics.