综合治理前后和田河流域生态环境状况变化及原因探讨

Discussion on Ecological Condition Change of Khotan River Basin in 1990-2010

干旱区内陆河流域生态环境的变化关系到人类的生存和社会的发展。针对和田河流域在综合治理前后生态环境变化的问题,以1990年、2000年、2010年7—8月份三期的Landsat-TM和中巴资源卫星遥感数据为依据,借助转移矩阵和生态环境状况指数的方法,对比分析了综合治理前后林草地面积及生态环境状况的变化,得到如下结论:(1)综合治理后,天然林草地面积减少幅度加大,人工林地面积快速增加;(2)1990—2000年和2000—2010年,生态环境状况指数下降幅度分别为0.1%和1.19%;(3)耕地大面积的扩张是天然林草地面积减少和生态环境状况变差的根本原因。

The change of the eco-environment in arid continental river basin is related to human survival and development of the society.In order to discuss the eco-environment change in Khotan River basin during the period from 1990 to 2010,variation of forest and grassland area and ecological condition are analyzed based on Landsat-TM and CBERS images in 1990,2000 and 2010,and combining with transition matrix and ecological index methods.It is revealed that：（1）amplitude of natural forest and grassland area declines significantly,while artificial forest increases rapidly during the period from 2000 to 2010;（2）the ecological index in 1990—2000and 2000—2010decreased by 0.1% and 1.19%,respectively;（3）the farmland expansion is the fundamental reason for natural forest and grassland area shrinking as well as the environment condition degradation.