从甘肃总督到伊犁将军:乾隆朝对新疆治理的探索

From Gansu Governor(甘肃总督) to Yili General(伊犁将军):To Find out the Way of Administrating Xinjiang in Qianlong Period

乾隆朝对如何治理新疆没有成熟的方案,经历了从甘肃总督到伊犁将军的探索过程。乾隆二十四年(1759)初开始筹划甘肃总督管辖新疆,将安西提督、安西道移驻巴里坤、哈密,任命杨应琚为甘肃总督,确定甘肃总督的驻地,准备在伊犁、叶尔羌等地添设总兵、道员等文武官员。二十五年(1760)初,乾隆朝又否定了甘肃总督等地方文武官员治理新疆的计划,恢复陕甘总督建置,在新疆设伊犁将军。这一探索过程反映了乾隆朝君臣对新疆认识的变化。

When the Qing Dynasty unified Xinjiang,there was no mature plan as how to administrate Xinjiang,so the Qing Dynasty went through a course exploring the way of administration from Gansu Governor to Yili General. In 1795,the Qing Dynasty started to design plans to put Xinjiang underGansu Governor's administration,move Anxi Tidu( 安西提督),Anxi Dao( 安西道) to Balikun( 巴里坤) and Hami( 哈密),appoint Yang Yingju( 杨应琚) as Gansu Governor,decide its residential place,and prepare to add literal and military officials like Zongbing( 总兵),Daoyuan( 道员) in Yili( 伊犁),Yarkand( 叶尔羌). In 1760,the Qianlong court aborted the above plans,restored Shangan Governor( 陕 甘 总 督) institution,and established Yili General. This course reflected the Qing court's changing recognition of Xinjiang.