论明代国家权力与乡约的调适和融通——以黄佐《泰泉乡礼》为中心

On the Adjustment and Integration of the National Power and Township Rules and Regulations——Taking Huang Zuo's Taiquan Rites As an Example

明政权建立后,国家的提倡和支持不仅为乡约的推广和发展创造了广阔空间,而且也使乡约在基层社会治理体系中的合法性得到进一步加强。嘉靖年间,广东士人黄佐所作的《泰泉乡礼》将乡约与国家权力做了适当的调适和融通之后,建构起了一个以乡约为中心,包括乡校、社仓、乡社和保甲在内的立体型乡治体系,从而将基层社会中的政事、教事、养事、祀事和戎事等生活事务串联起来,逐步实现了乡约在其性质、功能、组织以及制度等方面的时代性转变。黄佐乡约理念的践行为明代和后世基层社会治理模式的探索做了积极的贡献。

After the construction of the Ming regime, township rules were advocated and supported by the government, which further strengthened the legitimacy of township rules in grassroots local social management system. Huang Zuo was an official scholar in Guangdong province in the period of Jiajing regime. His Taiquan Township Rites adjusted and integrated the national power and the township rules. It built up a multilayered township governance system which centered on township rules but covered township schools, warehouses, community clubs, and household-based administrative systems, having integrated all life issues such as politics, education, production, rites and military issues. In this way, a historic transfer of township rules was achieved in light of its nature, function, organization, and system. Huang Zuo＇s Taiquan Rites, with its ideas and practice, made contribution to the governance modes of grassroots societies in the Ming dynasty and for later generations.