新型涂覆型雷达吸波材料的研究进展

Research Progress of New Radar Absorbing Coating

随着精确制导武器的改进和现代雷达探测技术的发展,雷达隐身技术已成为提高军用目标生存力和战斗力的关键技术之一,涂覆型雷达吸波材料作为一种雷达隐身技术,因其吸波效果好、工艺简单、设计难度小、成本低,在雷达隐身技术中占有重要地位。传统涂覆型雷达吸波材料主要以实现在某个较窄频段的强吸收为目标,存在频带窄、面密度大等缺点。为了满足装备的战场隐身需求,需要研究和开发具有厚度薄、面密度小、吸波频带宽和吸波能力强(薄、轻、宽、强)的新型涂覆型雷达吸波材料,因此对新型涂覆型雷达吸波材料的研究成为当前国内外的一个热点,了解和掌握它的研究进展对下一步的研究具有重要指导意义。根据雷达隐身技术的作用机理和雷达吸波材料隐身原理,总结了雷达隐身的主要手段,详细分析和阐述了纳米吸波材料、多晶铁纤维吸波材料、手征吸波材料、导电高聚物吸波材料四种新型涂覆型雷达吸波材料的国内外研究现状,最后对新型涂覆型雷达吸波材料的发展进行了展望。

With improvement of modern radar precision guidance weapon and the development of detection technology, radar stealth technology has become one of the key technologies for improving the survivability and the fighting capacity of military targets. As one of the radar stealth technologies, because of its good absorbing effect, simple process,good design ability and low cost, the radar absorbing coating has played an important role in the radar stealth technology. Traditional radar absorbing coatings mainly focus on achieving strong absorption in a narrow wave band with disadvantages such as narrow band and big surface density. To meet the demand of equipment stealth in the battlefield, new radar absorbing coatings need to be researched and developed with wide absorbing band, strong absorbing ability, thin thickness and small density（thin, light, wide and strong）. So new radar absorbing coating research has become a hot topic at home and abroad. Understanding and grasping the research progress of new radar absorbing coating is of important guiding significance for further research. According to radar stealth technology mechanism and the principle of the radar absorbing coating,the main measures of radar stealth were summarized in this paper. Research of new radar absorbing coating at home and abroad was briefly introduced and analyzed such as nano absorbing material,polycrystalline iron fiber absorbing material, chirality absorbing material, and conductive polymers absorbing material. Finally, the development of new radar absorbing coating was prospected.