大连市3个国家级自然保护区陆域外来入侵植物研究

Research on alien plants in three national nature reserve in Dalian

通过野外调查,对大连市的3个陆域国家级自然保护区外来入侵植物的种类和分布现状进行了调查分析.结果显示:辽宁仙人洞国家级自然保护区、大连城山头海滨地貌国家级自然保护区和辽宁蛇岛老铁山国家级自然保护区内的外来入侵植物分别有19、11和40种,3个保护区总计有外来入侵植物49种.在49种外来入侵植物中,菊科(Compositae)种类最多(13种).57%的入侵种类起源于美洲,入侵途径以无意传播为主.部分外来入侵植物已在保护区内建立稳定的繁殖种群,其中,月见草(Oenothera biennis)、群心菜(Cardaria draba)、绿独行菜(Lepidium campestre)、小花山桃草(Gaura parviflora)、菊芋(Helianthus tuberosus)对保护区生态环境及生物多样性的危害和影响最大.根据3个保护区内外来入侵植物的分布现状和生态影响,提出了对保护区内外来入侵植物管理与防治的对策和建议.

The species number and distribution status of alien invasive plants in three land national na- ture reserves in Dalian were investigated and analyzed by the field survey. The results show that there are nineteen, eleven and forty species of alien invasive plants in Liaoning Xianrendong, Dalian Chengshantou and Liaoning Laotieshan national nature reserves, a total forty-nine species, The inva- sive species belonging to Compositae are the most （13 species）; 57% of invasive species originate from America and unintentional spread is the main invasive pathway. Some of invasive plants have established steady breeding populations in the three reserves, Seven alien invasive plants such as Oenothera biennis , Cardaria draba , Lepidium campestre , Gaura parvi flora , Helianthus tuberosus have the serious impact and threat to eco-environment and biodiversity of the three reserves. Fur- thermore, countermeasures and suggestions for management and control of alien invasive plants in na- ture reserves are proposed according to its distribution status and ecological influences in three reserves.