新疆霍城县大西沟野杏果实表型多样性研究

Study on the Daxigou Wild Apricot Fruit Phenotypic Diversity in Huocheng County,Xinjiang

【目的】研究新疆野杏种质资源的果实经济性状多样性,为野杏的开发利用奠定基础。【方法】观察和测定新疆霍城县大西沟自然分布的野杏果实性状,通过Excel2010和DPS7.05数据处理软件计算各性状的平均值、标准差、极值,变异系数、Simpson多样性指数和主成分分析,利用MEGA软件的UPGMA方法进行聚类分析。【结果】66株大西沟野杏果实的28个表型性状分析中,变异系数在0%-53.99%,变异系数最大的是核粘离和果形,而果实大小和果核核仁大小的变异系数较低,野杏果实果面均有茸毛,核仁都是苦杏仁;多样性指数在5.718 9-6.044 4,具有丰富的多样性;主成分分析中,前6个主成分累计贡献率为86.57%,各主成分的贡献率以此递减,所以前6个主成分是野杏果实形态28个性状的重要主成分;基于野杏果实性状将66株野杏分为6大类。【结论】新疆霍城县大西沟野杏具有丰富的多样性,在表型性状中,各个性状的变异程度较大,果实、果核和核仁大小较稳定,是野杏的评价及分类的重要依据。果形、果实整齐度、单果重、鲜核重、鲜仁重、风味、果肉汁液、硬度和可溶性固形物、核粘离等表型性状有较大差异。

【Objective】To explore the economic traits of the fruit of Xinjiang Wild Apricot germplasm and lay the foundation for the development and utilization of wild apricots. 【Method】The traits of the wild apricot fruit which was naturally distributed in Daxigou of Huocheng County,Xinjiang were observed and determined,and its mean value,standard deviation,extreme value,variation coefficient,Simpson diversity index went through principal component analysis and they were calculated by Exce l2010 and DPS 7. 05 data processing software,and the UPGMA method of MEGA software was also applied for cluster analysis. 【Result】From the analysis of the 28 phenotypic characters of 66 strains of wild apricot in Daxigou,the variation coefficient was in the range of 0 to 53. 99%,and the largest of variation coefficient was the nuclear adhesion and fruit shape,while the coefficient of variation in fruit size and seed size of nucleolus was low. The wild apricot fruit surface had the fuzz,and its nucleoli were bitter with the diversity index between 5. 718,9 to 6. 044,4.The fruit was rich diversity; in the principal component analysis,the total contribution rate of the first 6 principal components was 86. 57%,and the contribution rate of each principal component decreased one by one,so the first 6 principal components were the main components of the 28 characters of wild apricot; based on the fruit characters of wild apricot,66 wild apricot cultivars were divided into 6 categories. 【Conclusion】The wild apricot in Daxigou,Huocheng County,Xinjiang is rich in diversity and in phenotypic traits,the degree of variation is larger,the fruit,and the size of the core and nucleoli is relatively stable,and these are important basis for evaluation and classification of wild apricot. These phenotypic traits,such as fruit shape,uniformity,fruit weight,weight of fresh kernel,weight of fresh nuclear weight,flavor,fruit juice,hardness and soluble solids,nuclear stick degree,etc. are extremely different.