不同试验处理对木纳格葡萄裂果的影响

Effect of Different Experimental Treatments on Munage Grape Dehiscent Fruit

【目的】通过对木纳格葡萄进行不同方式的试验处理,比较各处理对裂果的影响;分析裂果的解剖结构特点,研究木纳格葡萄裂果机制,为防治裂果提供科学依据。【方法】从果实膨大期至成熟期,采用不同浓度GA_3和Ca Cl_2喷布、果实套袋及人工降雨处理,在果实成熟期调查各处理的裂果率,利用常规石蜡切片法,观察裂果的果皮等组织的解剖结构。【结果】喷施Ca Cl_2和农用钙剂都可以有效降低裂果率,果皮厚度、果皮和果肉细胞大小及排列紧密程度增大。喷施100 mg/L GA_3、0.05%Ca Cl_2及人工降雨12 h时,果皮、果肉细胞排列、果肉与果皮结合变松散,维管束细小而稀疏,裂果率也升高。喷施30 mg/L GA_3、0.2%Ca Cl_2和流体金钙对降低裂果率效果较好。木纳格葡萄裂果的角质层厚度明显小于正常果,细胞排列不平整,有断裂。裂果的表皮、亚表皮的细胞排列整齐度和紧凑程度很低。裂果的果肉细胞较小,果皮与果肉结合松散,正常果的维管束要粗大且分布均匀,维管束的粗、密。套蓝色和白色无纺布袋的果穗都无裂果发生,其角质层增厚且平整光滑,果皮厚度、果皮和果肉细胞大小变化不显著,但细胞排列紧密、规则。【结论】30 mg/L GA_3、0.2%Ca Cl_2和流体金钙及无纺布套袋可以有效降低裂果率,连续降雨会促发裂果。角质层、表皮和亚表皮越厚且细胞排列越紧密,果肉细胞排列和果皮与果肉结合越紧密,维管束越粗越密的果实不易裂果。

【Objective】Through the test of different ways of Munage grape processing,this project aims to compare effects of the fruit cracking and at the same to analyze of the cracking characteristics of the anatomy structure and explore Munage grape fruit cracking mechanism in the hope of providing scientific basis for preventing the fruit from cracking.【Method】From fruit expanding stage to ripening stage,using different concentrations of GA3 and Ca Cl2 sprays,fruit bagging and artificial rainfall treatment,in fruit mature period to investigate anatomic structure of the pericarp of the fruit cracking rate and cracking was observed with paraffin section method.【Result】Spraying Ca Cl2 and agricultural calcium agent could effectively reduce the rate of dehiscent fruit,and pericarp thickness,fruit peel and flesh cell size and degree of arrangement increased. Spraying GA3100 mg / L,0. 05% Ca Cl2 and artificial rainfall 12 h,peel and pulp cells arrangement,the combination of peel and pulp become looser,vascular bundle became smaller and sparser,therefore the cracking rate increased. Spraying 30 mg / L GA3,0. 2% Ca Cl2 and fluid gold calcium could better reduce the cracking. The thickness of cuticle cracking Munage grape was significantly smaller than the normal fruit. Grapes with cell uneven fracture arrangement and cracking epidermis would have very low sub epidermal cell arrangement in neatness and the fruit flesh was small. The normal fruit had thicker vascular bundles with thick and uniform distribution. The spike of grapes bagged in blue and white nonwoven fabrics had no cracking and horny layer became thicker with smoother peel thickness while other quality remained the same with no obvious changes.【Conclusion】30 mg /L GA3,0. 2% Ca Cl2 and fluid gold calcium and non- woven bag can effectively reduce the cracking rate,and continuous rainfall will trigger cracking. The thicker of horny layer,the epidermis and sub epidermis is,the closer the combination of cell arrangement with the pulp cell will be. The grape with the thicker and coarser vascular cylinder is less likely to crack.