形式因与目的因的统一——叙事理论中文学形式问题的美学反思

Unity of Form and Purpose—Aesthetic Reflection on Literary Form in Narrative Theory

无论是对叙事技巧的揭示还是对叙事语法的描述,都让人觉得文学世界与审美世界的传统关系不复存在了,这是因为文学的审美维度从两个方面被缩小了:一是将审美性等同于文学性,又将文学性定位于形式技巧层面;二是为了维持文学的本体性而排除了社会性和读者的主体性,从而使得形式因与目的因相分离。为了理清文学形式的审美之维,有必要借助于亚里士多德的诗学理论重建叙事中形式与目的、美与善的联姻。

Either revealing the narrative techniques or description of the narrative grammar, it makes us feel that the traditional relationship between the literary world and the aesthetic world no longer exists, because the aesthetic dimension of literature has been reduced from two aspects. On the actcr is treated as literariness which focuses on the techniques of form; and on the maintain the ontology of literature, the social nature and the subjectivity of readers form and the purpose become separated. To research the aesthetic dimension of literary form, it is necessary to resort to Aristotle＇s poetic theory to rebuild the connections between the form and the purpose, beauty and goodness.