饲料中添加混合益生菌对刺参幼参免疫反应和抗氧化性能的影响

Effects of dietary supplementation of probiotcs on immune response and antioxidant performance in juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

为探讨混合益生菌对刺参Apostichopus japonicus幼参免疫反应和抗氧化性能的影响,用添加梅奇酵母C14（浓度为1×10^5cells/g饲料）、红酵母H26（浓度为1×10^5cells/g饲料）和芽孢杆菌BC26（浓度为1×10^7cells/g饲料）的混合益生菌饲料,投喂体质量为（0.54 g±0.06 g）的幼参,记为益生菌组,并设只投喂基础饲料的对照组,投喂4周和8周后,测定幼参免疫指标和抗氧化指标的变化。结果表明：饲养4周时,益生菌组幼参体腔细胞吞噬活力和呼吸爆发,体腔液（CF）和体腔细胞裂解液（CLS）溶菌酶、酚氧化酶活力均显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）;饲养8周时,益生菌组除CF和CLS酚氧化酶活力与对照组无显著性差异外（P〉0.05）,其他免疫指标仍显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）;饲养4周时,益生菌组幼参CF、肠道和体壁超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力,CF、CLS、肠道、呼吸树和体壁过氧化氢酶（CAT）活力,总抗氧化能力（TAOC）,以及肠道和呼吸树谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量均显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）;饲养8周时,益生菌组幼参肠道、呼吸树和体壁SOD活力,所有组织CAT活力,CLS和肠道T-AOC,CF、肠道和呼吸树GSH含量均显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）。研究表明,饲料中补充混合益生菌可促进幼参免疫反应和影响其抗氧化性能。

A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate effects of probiotics on immune response and antioxidant performance in juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. The juvenile sea cucumber with body weight of （0. 54± 0. 06） g were fed basal diet or diet supplemented with probiotics containing Rhodotorula sp. H26 （1×10^5 cells/g diet） , Metschnikowia sp. C14 （1×10^5 cells/g diet） and Bacillus sp. BC26（1×10^7 cells/g diet）for 4 and 8 weeks. Results showed that there were significantly higher phagocytic activity and respiratory burst in coelomocytes and significantly higher lysozyme and phenoloxidase activities in coelomic fluid （CF） and coelomocytes cells lysate supernatant （CLS） in the sea cucumber fed the diet containing probiotics than those in the control（ P〈0. 05 ）in 4 weeks. All immune parameters mentioned above were siginificantly enhanced by probiotcs administration compared to the animals in the control（ P〈0. 05） in 8 weeks except for phenoloxidase activity. Superoxide dismutase （SOD） acivity in CF, intestine and body wall, catalase （CAT） acivity and total antioxidant capacity （T-AOC） in all tissues and glutathione （ GSH） content in intestine and respiratory tree in sea cucumber fed the diet supplemented with probiotics were shown to be significantly higher than those in the animals fed basal diet （ P〈0. 05） in 4 weeks. SOD activity in intestine, respiratory tree and body wall, CAT activity in all tissues, T-AOC in CLS and intestine and GSH content in CF, intestine and respiratory tree were significantly elevated in the sea cucumber fed the diet supplemented with probiotcs compared to those in the control （P〈0.05） in 8 weeks. The findings revealed that diet supplemented with probiotics improved immune response and antioxidant performance in sea cucumber juveniles.