先秦道家视野下的《凡物流形》哲学研究

A philosophical interpretation of Fanwu Liuxing in the Taoist perspective of the pre-Qin dynasty

《凡物流形》构建了一个以"一"为核心的哲学体系。在《凡物流形》中,"一"具有宇宙论和本体论的双重意义。从宇宙论来看,其提出了与《老子》宇宙论类似的生成图式。与《老子》以"道"为宇宙根源不同,其以"一"作为宇宙万物的总根源。从本体论来看,"一"是万物之所以存在的总根据。有"一",万物才能存在;无"一",则万物不能存在。在"一"的基础上,《凡物流形》又提出其政治思想和工夫理论。其认为统治者只有"执一",国家才能得到治理;反之,国家则会混乱。那么,如何才能"执一"呢?《凡物流形》认为要通过"仰视俯揆"和"于身稽之"的方式获得"一",然后,在"一"指导下"心能胜心",这样就会达到非常高妙的境界。从思想分析来看,《凡物流形》可归入先秦道家著作,但具体能否划为黄老文献则缺乏坚实的证据。

The Taoist classic Fanwu Liuxing constructs a philosophical system with “One”as the core which has the double meaning of cosmology and ontology.In the perspective of cosmology,Fanwu Liuxing has a similar cosmological framework like that in Laozi but has“One”rather than “Tao”as the source of all things.In the perspective of ontology,Fanwu Liuxing re-gards“One”as the basis of the existence of all things.With this,Fanwu Liuxing proposes its political idea and the theory of Gong-fu.It advocates that monarch should well control the state only by holding to “One”;otherwise,the state would be in chaos.Fanwu Liuxing holds that the approach to holding to“One”is the dependence on“a macro-view of the world”and“a micro-examination of the self”.It is under the guidance of“One”that can transcend the traditional thought and reach the ac-me of the mind.In the ideological perspective,Fanwu Liuxing belongs to the Taoist works of the pre-Qin dynasty,but whether it belongs to the Huang-Lao Taoist works remains disputable due to the lack of evidence.