有机茶园蜘蛛群落动态分析

An Analysis of Spider Community Dynamics in Organic Tea Plantation

为研究有机茶园蜘蛛群落结构及动态,对广东省凤凰山有机茶园蜘蛛资源进行了调查.结果表明:有机茶园蜘蛛个体数8 089头,隶属20科67属71种,主要优势类群为球蛛科(Theridiidae)、跳蛛科(Saltici-dae)、蟹蛛科(Thomisidae)、管巢蛛科(Clubionidae)和狼蛛科(Lycosidae),个体数占蜘蛛总数的70.00%,种类占蜘蛛总属数的65.00%.蜘蛛群落动态分析,蜘蛛的数量在4月、7月和10月各出现一个高峰期,Shannon指数和Magarlef丰富度指数随之波动.从蜘蛛功能类群分析显示,除6、7月份外,结网型蜘蛛个体数量和属数均低于游猎型,结网型个体数和属数7月和6月最多,而游猎型个体数在6月和7月减少,蜘蛛种类在5月和9月较少.丰富度指数因茶园气候条件、食物及采茶活动的影响而产生较大的波动,结网型的Magarlef丰富度指数在6月和10月较高,游猎型在4月、7月和10月较高.其它多样性指数比较平稳,表明有机茶园蜘蛛群落结构比较稳定.

Spider resources were investigated for the community structure and dynamic in organic tea plantation on Fenghuang Mountain. Results showed that (1) the total number of spiders were 8089, which belong to 20 familyies, 67 genera and 71 species, respectively, and Theridiidae, Salticidae, Thomisidae, Clubionidae and Lycosidae are dominant populations, which are 70.00%of the total mumber and 65.00%of the total genera, (2) according to community danamics, the peak of spider number was found in April, July and October, respec-tively, and Shannon and Magarlef indexes fluctuated with the peak above, (3) according to functional groups, the number and genera of weaving web spiders is less than that of hunting spiders except July and June, and the spi-der groups are fewer in May and September, (4) therichness indexes generate large fluctuations because of cli-mate, food and tea picking in tea plantation, Magarlef richness index of weaving web is relatively high in June and October, and that of hunting spider is relatively high in April, July and October, and other richness indexes were relatively steady. In a word, the community structure of spider is relatively stable in organic tea plantation.