AIDS患者内心真实体验的质性研究

The qualitative research of psychological experience in AIDS patients

目的:探索AIDS患者临床各个阶段内心的真实体验,为临床护理工作提供实证依据。方法:采用质性研究中的现象学研究方法,对15例AIDS患者进行半结构式深入访谈,应用Colaizzi分析法对资料进行分析。结果:AIDS患者的内心真实体验可归纳为6个主题:初始反应—心理压力大、逐步认知阶段—内心感受复杂、接受事实阶段—正视疾病、关爱组织需求迫切、社会参与下降、经济负担重。结论:AIDS患者的内心真实体验复杂,护理人员应针对患者不同时期的心理状态,提供心理干预;保护患者隐私,避免社会歧视;做好延续护理,不断增强患者自我认同的程度,使其能够早日回归家庭和社会。

Objective To understand the psychological experience of AIDS patients in different stages in order to provide the basis fornursing. Methods： An in-depth interview was conducted with 15 AIDS patients based on the methods of qualitative research. The datawas analyzed by Colaizzi. Results： The psychological experience of AIDS patients could be classified into 6 core categories,including greatpsychological pressure（initial stage）, complex psychology （preliminary understanding stage）, facing challenges of AIDS, support requirements,reducing of social activities, increasing economic burden （accepting AIDS stage ）. Conclusion： AIDS patients with complex inner real experience,nursing staff should provide psychological support according to different periods of psychological status, and protect privacy, reducediscrimination, continue nursing, help them return to family and society early.