高等教育制度的本土生成——以美国高等教育形成与演变为例

On the Local Generation of the Higher Education System——A Case Study of the Formation and Evolution of American Higher Education

美国通过学习和借鉴英国中世纪大学,创立文理学院,形成自己的高校管理方式;学习法国面向社会的应用型高等专科学校办学经验,建立自己的服务型综合州立大学;学习德国将研究融入教学的理念,创立以研究为核心职能的研究型大学;创建独特的社区学院,将转学教育、升学教育、职业技术教育、补习补偿教育融为一体。研究美国高等教育制度的形成和演变发现,高等教育制度是在学习别国经验基础上本土生成的。建立中国的现代大学制度必须深刻了解中国的历史,用中国的话语解读中国的事情,立足中国的教育构建中国特色的高等教育制度,而不是照搬其他任何现成的制度。高等教育制度创新,不是去剥夺某些人的利益,而是通过制度创新来增加利益扩容。

Through learning from British Medieval colleges, America had initiated its own management mode by establishing colleges of arts and sciences. By learning from French experience of running application-oriented colleges,it had set up service-oriented state universities. From Germany, it had introduced the idea of emerging research into teaching to establishment community colleges integrated the transferring education, upgrading education, vocational education and remediation education together. A systematic research of the formation and evolution of American higher education indicates that the higher education system is a local generation based on learning from foreign experience. To build the modern university system in China, a profound knowledge of Chinese history and an interpretation of Chinese affairs in Chinese discourse are essential. Also the higher education system with Chinese characteristics must be built considering the situation of education in China instead of copying any existing systems. The reform of higher education system demands an innovation of the system, designing a system which will bring in more interests so as to achieve renovation and expansion without depriving the interests of certain people.