语用偏好对语言模因复制保真度的影响

Influence of Pragmatic Preference on the Copying-fidelity of Memes

参照微观经济学中的"偏好"概念,提出语用偏好假设,发现语用偏好会影响语言使用者的语用选择。从本质上来说,语言模因在传播过程中表现出在复制保真度上的种种不同差异其实是模因宿主根据语境进行不同选择的结果。语用偏好为分析模因宿主的选择行为提供基础。通过对历时语料和共时语料的综合考察,研究发现,在实现语用效用最大化且满足自己的基本语用偏好的过程中,模因宿主对模因的语言信息根据语境需要进行取舍。这种取舍选择就造成了模因在复制保真度上的差异。

Pragmatic preference is proposed with reference to the concept of preference in the economic field. It is believed to influence language users ＇pragmatic selection. Essentially speaking,all the differences of copying fidelity shown in the dissemination of language meme is the result of different selections from the memetic hosts.Through the integrated analysis of diachronic and synchronic data,the author has found that in the process of meeting basic pragmatic preference and realizing the maximization of pragmatic utility,the memetic host makes decisions on what kind of linguistic information of language meme should be retained according to the context. This choice will cause various differences of the copying-fidelity of language meme.