方东美之科学观探析——对《科学哲学与人生》的思考

Fang Dongmei's outlook on science——reflections on Science,Philosophy,and Life

现代新儒家方东美先生在其著作《科学哲学与人生》中集中阐述了其科学观:科学起源于境的认识,由神话经常识而来;科学具有二元对立的本质属性,包括抽象性与具体性、前进性与曲折性、真实性与武断性、实利性与弊端性等;科学须贯穿着六条思想原则,即科学求简欲、忽略人生情趣、是生命跃进的符号、以创进的生命为最终依归、科学路向由物向人回归、易滑入科学主义的陷阱。探讨方东美科学观,对于我们在新时期了解新儒家的科学观具有参考价值,对发展科学哲学具有重要的借鉴意义。

The new Confucian philosopher Fang Dongmei elaborates on his outlook on science in his book Science,Philosophy,and Life. First,he thinks that science originated from the thinking about the surroundings and it went through the initial stage of mythology and the stage of common sense. Second,science embodies binary opposition： it is both abstract and concrete; science is moving forward,but the journey isn＇t a smooth one; it is objective yet subject to arbitrary judgment; it is profit-oriented and thus has side effects. Finally,six ideological principles are embedded in science,namely,science curbing desires,science curbing personal hobbies,science being the symbols of the leaping of life,innovative life being the ultimate goal of science,the focus of science shifting from matters to humans,science being prone to scientism. Fang Dongmei＇s outlook on science may shed some light on the outlook on science in New Confucianism in new times and is important to the development of scientific philosophy.