明清士绅阶层的灾害应对研究:以皖江流域乡村为例

Research on the Natural Disaster Response by Gentry Class in the Ming and Qing Dynasties Taking as the Example the Villages along the Yangtze River in Anhui

明清时期士绅直接控制乡村是其参与行政的主要方式,一般通过经济、文化力控制乡村。当灾害发生后,士绅阶层一般积极参与灾害赈济,弥补了官府的不足。明清时期皖江流域水旱灾害频仍,士绅阶层积极参与灾害救济,主要方式有赈济灾民、社仓平籴、安置流民、参与筹建慈善机构、兴修水利、替难民向官府请命等。

The direct control on the villages by gentry in the Ming and Qing Dynasties is the main means to participate in the administration in which the control is generally focused on the economy and culture.The gentry,when the disaster happens,usually take an active part in the natural disaster relief that makes up for the governmental deficiency.And the Yangtze River in Anhui in the two Dynasties has often been to the theatre of the flood and drought disasters and their active participation in the relief is mainly involved in the relief to the victims of the disasters,the way to the public granaries and smooth buy in,the accommodation to the displaced persons,the participation in the establishment of charitable institutions,the building of irrigation works,and the pleading to governments on behalf of refugees.