影响直播油菜产量的栽培因子研究

Study on Cultivation Factors Influencing the Yield of Direct-seeding Rapeseed

[目的]充分利用气候资源,协调各栽培因子之间的关系,挖掘油菜生产潜力,寻找高产、稳产的直播油菜栽培模式。[方法]以杂交品种黔油30号为试材,研究相同磷、钾、硼用量下不同播期、种植密度、施氮水平对直播油菜生育期、农艺性状及产量的影响。[结果]随播期的推迟,冬至前平均单株绿叶数、地上部干(鲜)重、有效分枝数减少,全生育期缩短;在相同播期和施氮水平下,随种植密度的增加,叶面积逐渐变小,根颈粗、一次分枝数、单株角果数下降;同一播期和种植密度下,随施氮水平的增加,株高增加。[结论]在9月30日~10月10日播期内施纯氮90~270 kg/hm^2、种植密度15万~60万株/hm^2时油菜平均单产可达2 400 kg/hm^2以上,节本增效明显。

[Objective] To tully use the climatic resources,coordinate the relationship among cultivation factors,to tap potential ot rapeseed production,and to find direct-seeding rapeseed cultivation mode with higb and stable yield.[Method] With Qianyou 30 as the test material,effects of sowing date,density and nitrogen application rate on the growth stage,agronomic traits yield of direct-seeding rapeseed were researched under the same dosages of phosphorus,potassium and boron.[Result] With the prolong of sowing date,the average green leaf number per plant,the fresh and dry weight of aboveground parts,and the effective branch number reduced;the whole growth period shortened.Under the same sowing date and nitrogen application level,leaf area decreased as the density increased.Rhizome width,primary branching and effective pod number per plant all declined.Under the same sowing date and density,plant height enhanced as the nitrogen application amount increased.[Conclusion] Direct-seeding rapeseed should be carried out on September 30-October 10 with 90-270 kg/hm2 nitrogen and the density of 150 000-600 000 plants/hm2.Under this condition,the average unit yield reaches 2 400 kg/hm2 with significant cost saving effects.