不同氮·磷·钾肥施用量对大棚番茄产量·经济效益和品质的影响

Effects of Different Fertilization Dosages of N,P and K on the Yield,Economic Benefit and Quality of Greenhouse Tomato

[目的]研究安徽省芜湖县设施栽培番茄的合理施肥量。[方法]采用田间试验,研究不施肥(CK)、PK、100%N+P、100%N+K、70%N+PK、100%N+PK、130%N+PK和200%N+PK 8个不同施肥处理对番茄产量、经济效益和品质的影响。[结果]CK的番茄产量和经济效益最低,氮、磷、钾肥二者或三者配施均能提高番茄产量和经济效益。氮、磷、钾肥对番茄的增产效果不同,增产率和增产贡献率从大到小依次为N、K、P,而单位养分增产量从大到小依次为P、N、K。在一定用量范围内,随着氮肥用量的提高,番茄产量和经济效益逐步提高,氮肥用量过高,番茄产量、经济效益反而下降。PK处理番茄VC含量最低,氮与磷或钾肥配施均可提高VC含量,但氮肥用量过高,VC含量反而下降;增施钾肥可以提高番茄可溶性糖含量。[结论]在兼顾经济效益、番茄品质及环境效益的情况下,在番茄设施栽培中,合理的氮、磷、钾肥用量为N 375.0 kg/hm^2、P_2O_5 180.0 kg/hm^2、K_2O 375.0 kg/hm^2。

[Objective] To study the reasonable fertilizer application dosage of greenhouse tomato in Wuhu County.[Method] Field experiment was adopted.We researched the effects of eight fertilization treatments （CK,PK,100％ N ＋ P,100％ N ＋ K,70％ N ＋ PK,100％ N ＋ PK,130％ N ＋ PK and 200％ N ＋ PK） on the yield,economic benefit and quality of tomato yield.[Result] The yield of greenhouse tomato in CK was the lowest;the treatments with combined application of two or three of N,P and K fertilizers increased the yield and economic benefit of tomato.N,P and K fertilizers had different effects of yield increase;the yield increasing rate and contribution rate were in the order of N ＞ K ＞ P;increase rate of per unit nutrient was P ＞ N ＞ K.In a certain application range,the yield and economic benefit of greenhouse tomato improved with the increase of N fertilizer.However,tomato yield and economic benefits decreased under excessive application of N fertilizer.Tomato Vc content of PK treatment was the lowest,the combined application of N and P or K fertilizer could increase tomato Vc content.However,excessive application rate of nitrogen fertilizer decreased tomato Vc content.Applying K fertilizer could increase tomato soluble sugar content.[Conclusion] Considering the economic benefits,tomato quality and environmental benefit,the rational application dosages were 375.0 kg/hm2 N,180.0 kg/hm2 P2O5 and 375.0 kg/hm2 K2O for greenhouse tomato.