3种除草剂对水稻产量·杂草防除及后茬作物安全性的影响

Effects of Three Tested Herbicides on the Yield of Paddy Rice,Weed Control and Safety of Succeeding Crops

[目的]筛选适合水稻田的高效除草剂。[方法]采用小区试验研究50%二氯喹啉酸WP、38%苄·二氯WP和25 g/L五氟磺草胺OF 3种水稻田常用除草剂对水稻产量、杂草防除,以及后茬作物烟草、花生株高及鲜重的影响。[结果]药后15、45 d株防效及鲜重防效表现为38%苄·二氯WP>25 g/L五氟磺草胺OF>50%二氯喹啉酸WP;与对照相比,3种除草剂对水稻产量均有增产作用,增产效果为38%苄·二氯WP>25 g/L五氟磺草胺OF>50%二氯喹啉酸WP;3种除草剂处理过的土壤对后茬作物烟草、花生株高、鲜重的影响有差异,其中50%二氯喹啉酸WP和38%苄·二氯WP对后茬烟草、花生株高、鲜重有抑制作用,而25 g/L五氟磺草胺OF安全性好。[结论]考虑到二氯喹啉酸田间杂草抗药性以及土壤残留药害等因素,建议在水稻-烟草、水稻-花生等轮作区推广应用25 g/L五氟磺草胺OF防治稻田杂草。

[Objective] The aim was to screen out appropriate berbicides for paddy rice field.[Method] Using plot experiment,effects of three kinds of widely used herbicides in paddy fields（quinclorac 50％ WP,penoxsulam 25 g/L OF and bensulfuron methyl-quinclorac 38％ WP） on rice yield,weeds control,plant height and fresh weight of succeeding crops tobacco and peanut were investigated.[Result] The resuits showed that the control effect of weed after applied herbicides for 15 days and 45 days as well as the control effect of fresh weight after applied herbicides for 45 days were ordered as the treatment of bensulfuron metbyl-quinclorac 38％ WP ＞ the treatment of penoxsulam 25 g/L OF ＞ quinclorac 50％ WP.The yield of paddy rice increased in the treatments of all tested herbicides compared with control,and the effect of increasing yield was as follows：the treatment of bensulfuron methyl-quinclorac 38％ WP ＞ the treatment of penoxsulam 25 g/L OF ＞ the treatment of quinclorac 50％ WP.The effects of herbicides on plant height and fresh weight of succeeding crops tobacco and peanut were different,the herbicides of quinclorac 50％ WP and the bensulfuron methyl-quinclorac 38％ WP had inhibiting effects on the plant height and fresh weight of tobacco and peanut,while penoxsulam 25 g/L OF w as safety to the growth of succeeding crops.[Conclusion] It is suggested that penoxsulan 25 g/L OF should be extensively applied io rice-tobacco and rice-peanut rotation areas,considering the weed resistance and the soil residual phytotoxicity of quinclorac.