政府清廉感知：差序格局及其解释--基于2015年度全国廉情调查的数据分析

Government Integrity Perception: Hierarchical Variation and Explanation: Based on 2015 Annual National Survey on Government Integrity

通过主观态度调查的方式了解公众对政府的清廉感知,进而采取相应的政策措施,是廉政领域的普遍做法。2015年度全国廉情调查的数据显示,公众对不同层级政府的清廉感知存在着差序格局。采用多层线性模型分析发现:随着地方经济发展水平的提高,公众倾向于认为地方比中央更清廉;公众的腐败容忍度越高,越倾向于认为地方比中央更清廉;腐败信息来源主要为官方报道的公众倾向于认为地方比中央更清廉,而腐败信息来源主要为小道消息和有过直接腐败经历的公众,其态度则相反;腐败案件的曝光会导致公众出现对中央清廉感知的负面评价。这些发现可以提供全面、多元的信息,推动未来的反腐败工作建立在更加科学、精准、有效的基础上。

Government integrity perception is an important way to understand the behaviors of government. Existing literature has little discussion of the hierarchical variation in this perception when the public considers the different levels of government.Based on the 2015 Annual National Survey on Government Integrity, we find that'central high- local low'hierarchical variations exist in China. Using multi- level random intercept model analysis,we find that there are at least three reasons that the citizens may perceive the central government to have less integrity than local governments. First, with the rise of local economic development and the increasing quality of local government public services,people are more inclined to accept local government. Second,the higher the tolerance of corruption in local government,the more probable the traditional 'good central- local evil'image will be reversed. Third,as anti- corruption enforcement information becomes more widely available,citizens have begun considering the failures of the central government to properly supervise the local governments and prevent corruption in the first place. In addition, a citizen's perception of corruption will vary depending on their source of information about the corruption. This article not only plays an important role in explaining the hierarchical variations in perceptions of government integrity, but also solves the problem of differential item functioning to some extent.