住宅小区推进“街区制”改革的法律路径研究——以“公共地役权”为视角

Research on the Legal Approaches of the Reform of“Block System”in the Residential District——In the perspective of “public easement”

以征收、征用、提前收回等方式作为推进"街区制"改革的法律路径会面临障碍,以比较法上的公共(通行)地役权制度作为法律路径更加节约实现成本、较易实现利益平衡、契合现代政府理念、兼顾我国现实需求,可在改造后移植。设立公共(通行)地役权应具有法定依据、符合法定情形、经过法定程序。设立模式以"选择行政格式合同"模式最宜,设立程序应包括申请、审查、听证、决定、登记,消灭条件包括合同期限届满、通行不再必要、相关立法修改等。设立公共(通行)地役权应对权利人进行补偿。

Expropriation, requisition and recovery in advance as approaches to promote the reform of ＂block＂ system will be faced with legal obstacles. The institution of public （passing） Easement in comparative law provides a better approach to achieve the reform. This approach will cost much less, achieve the balance of interests more easily, be accorded with the modern concept of government and take into account the real needs of our country. So, it can be transformed and planted. The establishment of Public （passing） easement shall meet statutory basis, legal situations and legal procedures. As for establishment mode, it is most appropriate to select ＂ Format administrative contract＂ mode. And the establishment of process should include application, examination, hearing, decision, and registration. What can become eliminative conditions of public （passing） easement are expiration of the contract period, unnecessary passing and the modification of relevant legislations, etc. Establishing a public （passing） Easement shall make related obligee obtain compen- sation.