论商事外观主义

Commercial Rechtsschein Theorie

外观主义广泛适用于商法领域,其本质是民法信赖保护原则在商法领域的体现。外观体现为主体外观、权利外观、法律关系外观和法律事实外观,为保护对外观的信赖,商事立法和商事审判使外观事实可以优先于法律真实,这是利益衡量的结果。外观事实的形成没有真实权利人行为影响的情况下,外观责任的承担应无须考虑可归责性。可归责性适用于外观事实的形成显然与本人有关的情形,至于归责原则,应采风险原则。我国民法典制定之际,应在民法典和商事单行法之外制定商法通则,将外观主义规定为商事活动的原则,作为民法信赖保护价值在商事领域的具体化,以彰显商事领域的信赖保护,便利商事审判。

Rechtsschein theorie be applied reflection of trust protection principle Rechtsschein, right rcial law field extensively, which is a of civil law. Rechtsschein embody subject Rechtsschein, legal relation Rechtsschein, legal fact Reehtsschein. In order to protect Rechtssehein trust, commercial legislation and trial make Rechtsschein fact preference to real legal situation, which is an outcome of interest balance. If Rechtsschein fact generation is not influenced by owner of real right, Rechtsschein liability need not consider liability fixation. If Rechtsschein fact generation is influenced by owner of real right, Rechtsschein liability need consider liability fixation, in which risk principle should be adopted. Our country is making civil code, General rule of commercial law should be made beside civil code and commercial single law, in which Rechtsschein theorie shoud be stipulated as a principle. Rechtsschein theorie principle in General rule of commercial law is concretion of trust protection principle in civil law. Rechtsschein theorie as a commercial law principle will manifest trust protection in commercial field and facilitate commercial trial.