基于鱼类产卵场水力学与生态水文特征的生态流量过程研究

Study on Ecological Flow Regime Based on Hydraulics and Eco-hydrological Characteristics of Fishing Spawning Area

针对山区河流珍稀特有鱼类的水力生境参数定量化困难,以及单一流量的生态需水研究难以反映天然河流生态水文过程的问题,以澜沧江上游某水电站下游分布的澜沧裂腹鱼和光唇裂腹鱼为目标物种,采用非恒定流数学模型,根据目标物种产卵场天然逐日流量过程资料,分析其产卵场在产卵期的水力学特征并构建生态水文指标体系,建立流速、水深适宜度曲线,提出流速、水深需求的适宜范围。并采用河道内流量增量法,结合生态水文指标体系,获得该水电站下泄的生态流量过程,为恢复类似流域生态系统多样性提供了参考。

Hydraulic habitat parameters of rare and endemic fishes living in mountainous rivers are difficult to quantify.Most previous studies on ecological water requirement just focused on flow rate were hard to reflect the natural river＇s eco-hydrological process.Based on a hydropower station constructed in the upper reaches of the Lancang River,Schizothorax lantsangensis and Schizothorax lissolabiatus are selected as the target species in this paper.According to the natural daily flow process in the spawning grounds data of target species,the hydraulics characteristics during the spawning period are analyzed with the unsteady flow mathematical model and the index system of ecological hydrology are constructed.The suitability curves of velocity and water depth are established.The suitable range of velocity requirements and water depth demand are put forward.The ecological flow regime is obtained based on the IFIM and the index system of ecological hydrology.It can provide reference for the ecosystem diversity recovery of similar river basin.