宋代轶事类诗话中的佛与僧

Buddhism and Monks in Poetry Literature of Anecdotes in Song Dynasty

宋代开始盛行的诗话是禅宗语录这一文体移植到文学领域的体现。宋代分别以《六一诗话》和《沧浪诗话》代表了两种诗话类型——可称之为"轶事类诗话"和"说理类诗话"——恰好反映体现了佛教对文艺的两种不同层面的影响。如果说前者表现的是禅门语录"随意举扬,任运不拘"的风格,那么后者则表现了"提唱纲宗,眼空今古"的另一种风格,表现了佛教富于思辨的特点。宋诗话中,哪怕只是一则小小的轶事,背后皆有很多可以深入探究的佛理存在,此种佛理又与诗意密切相关,充分体现了佛禅精神对诗话这种文体的影响。

The poetry literature,w hich w as popular in Song Dynasty,is the reflection of transplantation from Chan recorded sayings to the literature domain. Tw o major types of poetry literature,poetry literature of anecdotes and poetry of reasoning,represented by ＂Liuyi＇s Notes on Poetry＂and＂Notes on Poetry by Canglang＂respectively,adequately show the different influences upon the literature from Buddhism. The former displays a free and spontaneous style of Chan recorded sayings,w hile the latter a different style of obsession w ith the tradition and discipline,characterized by its critical thinking. In the poetry literature in Song Dyansty,any piece of anecdote is supposed to embody a deep Buddhist truth. M oreover,the Buddhist truth is often closely related to the poem,w hich indicates an obvious influence on the poetry literature from the spirit of Zen Buddhism.