不同羞耻倾向个体情绪性自传体记忆的定向遗忘

Directed Forgetting of Emotional Autobiographical Memories in Undergraduates with Shame

目的:探讨不同羞耻倾向个体对不同情绪自传体记忆的定向遗忘特点。方法:以高、低羞耻倾向大学生各30名为被试,使用正性、负性和中性线索词诱发被试的自传体记忆,采用项目法定向遗忘范式,从自传体记忆的具体性这一角度探讨高低羞耻倾向个体自传体记忆定向遗忘特点。结果:1高、低羞耻倾向个体在遗忘条件下对概括和具体的自传体记忆的回忆率都显著低于记住条件下;2高、低羞耻倾向个体对负性词诱发的自传体记忆的回忆率要显著低于中性和正性词;3高羞耻倾向个体对负性词引发的具体的自传体记忆的回忆率低于低羞耻倾向个体,而高、低羞耻倾向个体对概括的自传体记忆的回忆率差异不显著。结论:高、低羞耻倾向个体不论在具体和概括的自传体记忆上都表现出了定向遗忘,个体的羞耻倾向和自传体记忆的情绪性会影响具体的自传体记忆的定向遗忘。

Objective： To investigate the characteristics of directed forgetting of emotional autobiographical memories in undergraduates with high and low shame proneness. Methods： 30 undergraduates with high shame proneness and 30 with low shame proneness were asked to elicit autobiographical memories according to positive, negative and neutral cue-words, then were instructed to remember or forget the autobiographical memories by using the item-method directed forgetting par- adigm. Results： （1）The recall rates of specific and general autobiographical memories were significantly lower under forget- ting instruction than under remembering instruction. （2）For both high and low shame proneness individuals, the recall rates of specific autobiographical memories induced by negative cue-words were significantly lower than those induced by posi- tive and neutral cue-words. （3）The recall rates of specific autobiographical memories induced by negative cue-words in high shame proneness individuals were significantly lower than those in low shame proneness individuals; but the recall rates of general autobiographical memories showed no significant difference between high and low shame proneness individ- uals. Conclusion： Both high and low shame proneness individuals show directed forgetting effect for specific and general autobiographical memories; the shame proneness and emotional valence of autobiographical memory affect the directed for- getting of specific autobiographical memories.