生态系统服务权衡:方法、模型与研究框架

Methods, tools and research framework of ecosystem service trade-offs

生态系统服务之间存在着此消彼长的权衡关系或彼此增益的协同关系,科学理解和权衡这些作用关系有利于指导生态系统管理实践,也对实现社会经济发展和生态保护的"双赢"目标具有重要意义。系统梳理了国内外现有的生态系统服务权衡研究工作,归纳总结了权衡研究的主要方法:统计学、空间分析、情景模拟和服务流动性分析方法;对权衡研究中常用的生态系统服务权衡模型进行了机理介绍和应用分析;进一步提出了权衡研究的理论框架和重要切入点,即生态系统服务的时空尺度特征、相互作用、效益和驱动机制。对生态系统服务权衡未来的进一步深化研究进行了展望,旨在为国内相关研究提供启迪和参考。

Ecosystem services are the benefits humans received from the natural environment, which are closely related to the environmental process and human activities. With the deepen- ing understanding one cosystem services, their relationships and integrated effects between dif- ferent ecosystem services have been paid more and more attention both at spatial and temporal dimensions. Due to the complex relationships between diverse ecosystem services, there is like- ly to be a contradictory mutual relationship between various ecosystem services, which is main- ly shown as reciprocal trade-offs or mutual gain synergies. Scientific understanding and weigh- ing these trade-offs and synergies relationship would have contributed to ecosystem manage- ment and decision-making, and have great significance on realizing ＂win-win＂ polices for the economic development and ecological protection. In this paper, based on the literature review of ecosystem services worldwide, primary methods for trade-offs were firstly classified as sta- tistical analysis, spatial analysis, scenarios analysis and ecosystem service flowing analysis, and summarized the advantages and disadvantages. In addition, some important models and tools for ecosystem service trade-offs were systematically reviewed. Furthermore, a theoretical framework of ecosystem service trade-offs analysis was proposed to explore the scale character- istics, interactions, overall benefit evaluation and optimization and drive mechanism of various ecosystem services. Eventually, this paper presented the prospects of future studies for ecosys- tem service trade-offs as following： （1） Quantizing and simulating the multi-scale spatial and temporal characteristics of the relationship between trade-offs and synergies is an important content in the study of ecosystem services trade-offs. （2） The models for ecosystem services trade-offs management would become the important methods to explore the interactions be- tween various ecosystem services. （3） Model applications, parameter localization and regional- ization are critical steps in the process of the ecosystem services research, shown as the flow of ＂quantitation, trade-offs and decision-making＂. （4） Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary com- prehensive research is the most important direction in future trade-offs and synergies of ecosys- tem services research. These prospects and reviews would help to offer revelation and reference for domestic relevant researches, and could provide the theoretic grounds for the practice of the study of the regional ecological environment management.