拉萨市基本城市形态形成及演变研究

FORMATION AND TRANSFORMATION OF BASIC URBAN STRUCTURE IN LHASA CITY

平均海拔逾4000m的西藏地区是青藏高原的主体部分,也是最集中的藏族聚居地。高原自然环境、深厚的宗教文化及政教合一的体制必然孕育出西藏独特的城镇空间形态,这也成为藏族现代城镇发展的基础和持续生命力。本研究以拉萨市为研究对象,通过对历史文献和相关研究的解读,挖掘和梳理其城市自然演变过程及基本形态特征。首先,通过对文献资料的考察认为拉萨城市通过3个步骤形成了最原始的政治-宗教双核城市,并梳理了拉萨城市自然演变过程;其次,在历史文献和历史地图的基础上,从城市节点、空间结构、宗教空间及设施、交通关系等方面分别对拉萨市形成时的雏形和现代城市演变前的基本形态进行了分析和对比,最终,在此基础上为现代拉萨城市发展提出建议。

Tibet Autonomous Region mainly inhabited by Tibetans is the main component of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau with average latitude over four kilometers. Natural environment on the plateau, profound religious culture, and the religion based political system, functioning as basis and dynamic, inevitably bestow Tibetan cities with unique urban spatial forms as well as profoundly influencing their modem urbanization. This study aims to investigate the natural urban transformation process and features of basic urban form in Lhasa City through historical literature review and related studies. First, we point out that Lhasa City originally formed into political-religious binuclear city by three steps, and present the natural transformation process by literature review; second, based on the historical maps and data, this study clarifies and compares the original and basic urban form of Lhasa City from the aspects of city nodes, spatial structure, religious spaces and facilities, transportation etc.; finally, this study further proposes several suggestions to the urban development of Lhasa City.