2012年至2015年呼吸道感染病原菌分布及耐药性分析

Distribution and drug resistance monitoring of pathogen in patients with respiratory tract infections from 2015 to 2012

目的:分析呼吸道感染患者痰标本中病原菌分布及药物敏感试验结果。方法:选择2012年3月至2015年3月在本院就诊及住院的呼吸道感染患者为研究对象,分离出病原菌标本650株,进行细菌培养、鉴定和药物敏感试验,分析结果。结果:检出650株病原菌中,革兰氏阴性菌325株,占50%,以铜绿假单胞菌、克雷伯氏菌及鲍氏不动杆菌为主要致病菌。青霉素、头孢哌酮及红霉素耐药率分别为98.6%、52.7%及87.2%,对万古霉素及亚胺培南西司他丁钠敏感,耐药率分别为0和3.0%。结论:呼吸道感染以革兰阴性杆菌为主,细菌对青霉素、头孢哌酮及红霉素等传统抗生素耐药率很高,临床医生不可再经验性用药,而要根据药敏试验合理选用抗生素,减少细菌耐药性的产生。

Objective： We analyze the distribution and drug sensitivity test results of pathogen in sputum samples from patients with respiratory tract infections. Methods： Patients with respiratory tract infections were selected outpatients and inpatients in the hospital from March 2012 to March 2015, and 650 strains of pathogen were isolated and entered into bacterial culture dentification and drug sensitive test, results was analysed. Results： 65 strains of pathogen were detected, 325 strains were negative gram bacteria, accounting for 50%. Pseudomo- has aeruginosa, klebsiella and baumannii acinetobacter were the main pathogen. Resistance rate of penicillin, cefoperazone and erythromycin were 98.6%, 52.7% and 87.2% respectively. Detected negative gram bacteria was sensitive to vancomycin and imipenem-cilastation sodium. The resistance rate was 0 and 3.0%, respectively. Conclusions： The main pathogen in patients with respiratory tract infection are gram nega- tive bacteria, and resistance rate of these bacteria to penicillin, cefoperazone, erythromycin and other traditional antibiotic are high. Clinicians should not be empiric, but select antibiotics reasonably based on the drug sensitivity test to reduce bacterial resistance.