生态学:生态文明时代的核心学科——以乡村生态学对建设美丽乡村的指导作用为例

Ecology: A core science in ecological civilization era— Exemplified with the roles of rural ecology in guiding the beautiful village construction

改革开放30多年来,中国经济快速发展,但环境和公平问题也日益突出。要从根本上实现生态文明建设战略目标,需要让致力于研究生命有机体与生存环境相互关系的生态学从大学讲坛走向社会,成为指导生态文明建设的核心学科。为此,针对中国长期存在的乡村经济、环境和社会交织的"三农"难题,构建了一个融合水平尺度和垂直尺度的乡村生态学科框架,从平衡城乡居民数量比例、变革乡村及其农业的价值观、变革农业组织形式、变革农业资源循环利用模式和变革食品生产技术等五个层次指导美丽乡村建设或乡村生态文明复归。

In the past thirty years, taking economy as purely developmental goal has dramatically increased the economic productivity in China but accompanying with seriously environmental and unfair sacrifices. Ecology dealing with the relationship between organisms and their habitats needs to step down from the ivory tower in universities and colleges. In rural China,particularly,facing the economic,environmental and societal interwoven plights,in this paper,an emerging rural ecology discipline is being structured with horizontal and vertical scales and finally addressed in five top-down levels,including balancing the urban and rural population,valuing the countryside and agriculture,innovating the formation in organizing agricultural industry,changing resource utilization format and returning the organic farming for food safety,to guide the development of beautiful village or reinvention of ecological civilization in rural China.