谁审谁判:案件审批制度的改革路径

Reform of Case Approval System from the Perspective of Trial Management

案件审批制度既是阻碍法院内部独立行使审判权的主要因素,也是法院"去行政化"改革过程中难以根除的痼疾。究其原因,是法院内部审判事务管理权与审判指导监督权的异合存在以及权力主体的角色混同,造成了审判管理权与审判权关系的错位,从而导致了法院内部管理带有浓重的行政化色彩。改变这一现状的基本途径是重新设计法院内部权力结构:由法官、审判组织独立行使审判权,庭长、审判管理办公室行使审判事务管理权,主审法官主要行使审判指导监督权;同时,重构裁判文书签发制度,以保证法院内部依法独立自主行使审判权。

Case approval system is not only the major factor that impedes the internal independence of the courts,but also the malady in the process of the courts＇ de-administration reform.The reasons of paradoxical relationship between trial management power and jurisdiction are that trial affairs management power and trial supervision power coexist in the field of court judgment and that the roles of the power subjects are confused,which leads to the fact that internal management of courts has a strong administrative tendency.The basic way to change this situation is to redesign the court＇s internal power structure.In other words,jurisdiction should be independently exercised by judges and trail organizations;trial affairs management power should be exercised by the President and Trial Management Office and trial supervision power should be exercised by chief judges.Meantime,the issuing system of judgment document must be established to guarantee that the courts can exercise jurisdiction legitimately and independently.