论古代雅典国家的发展道路——兼及雅典版图问题

On the Development Path and Territories of the Ancient Athenian State

雅典国家兴起于阿提卡半岛。这个农业小邦在实现内部统一后,随着国内公民集体内部关系的调整,逐步走上海外扩张之路。雅典人占领萨拉米斯,殖民卡尔西斯,击败埃吉那,制服提洛同盟诸邦,至公元前5世纪中叶建立起世界历史上第一个海上帝国,国家发展进入一个新阶段。同古代世界其他奴隶制霸国或帝国一样,雅典帝国的富足和强大是建立在征服、剥削、奴役、屠杀异邦人的基础之上的,伯里克利时代雅典经济繁荣、政局稳定、文化昌盛的历史前提就是雅典人对帝国臣民的压迫和剥削。雅典在伯罗奔尼撒战争中的战败,阻滞了它继续扩张的步伐;重新成为小国寡民之邦的雅典,对外扩张有心无力,在艰难缓慢的复苏中成为北方兴起的马其顿人鲸吞的对象。

The Athenian state rose from Attica. After achieving internal unity, and with the adjustment ofdomestic relations within community, the small agricultural polis gradually embarked on the road of overseasexpansion. Occupying Salamis, colonizing Chalcis, defeating Aegina, controlling the allies of Delian League,Athenians established the worlds first marine empire in the middle fifth century B. C. The Athenian statehenceforth entered a new period. The flourishing economy, stable political situation and prosperous culture ofthe Periclean Age were based on Athenians’ oppression and exploitation of their subjects. Like other slaveryempires in ancient world, the richness and power of Athenian state were based on conquest, exploitation,enslavement and massacre of non-Athenians. After the failure in the Peloponnesian War, The Athenian statebecame a small powerless polis again, gradually becoming the victim of Macedonia in the tough and slowrecovery.