非传统安全视野中不予救助问题的刑法思考

On the Non-Traditional Security View of the Problem of Non-salvage

在非传统安全视域中,安全具有丰富的内容,关注和保护人的安全是法律制度的重要使命。作为人类共同体的一员,人既是风险的制造者也是风险的承受者。同时,为了维护人类共同体的安全,人还应该是风险避免者、消除者。当某个或者某部分个体的人身和财产受到重大威胁,其他个体的不予救助行为将导致社会风险的持续和扩大。不予救助行为违背社会共同体相互保护、相互救助的责任,不利于人的安全保障,因而是一种具有社会危害性的行为。刑法的缺位和规定不明都使人类难以应对风险社会的挑战。为了防止不予救助入罪可能造成的负面效应,应当对救援义务的产生设置限制性条件。不予救助行为入罪还有一定的技术价值,可以起到在立法上平衡罪刑和司法中弥补证据障碍的作用。

In the non-traditional security view, security is rich in content, and it is an important mission of the legal system to pay attention to and protect people's safety. As a member of the human community, man is both a maker of risk and a subject of the risk. At the same time, in order to maintain the security of the human community, people should also be responsible for risk avoidance and elimination. When a person or a certain part of his body or property is facing a major threat, other individuals do not help, which will lead to the continuation and expansion of social risk. Non-rescue is against the mutual protection and assistance of social community, and is not conducive to the safety of people. Therefore, it is a kind of social harmful behavior. The absence of the criminal law and the unclear provisions make it difficult for human beings to deal with the challenges of the risk society. In order to prevent the negative effects that the criminalization of nonrescue may cause, we should set restrictive conditions for obligation to rescue. The criminalization of nonrescue has certain technical value, for it can play the role of balancing the crime and justice in the legislation to make up for the evidence barrier.