哈尔滨市采暖期颗粒物数浓度变化特征

Characteristics of particle number concentration in the heating period of Harbin

研究了采暖期大气颗粒物数浓度的变化特征,并在气象监测网上获得相对湿度、温度,风级等气象因子以及大气能见度。分析结果显示,2015年10、11、12月的能见度低于10 km的天数分别为3、11、9 d,PM_(2.5)浓度高于100μg/m^3分别有1、9、9 d;颗粒物数浓度平均值分别为17 775、36 345、34 640个/cm^3,能见度的平均值分别为23.6、8.5、9.7 km,说明11和12月主要是由于采暖燃煤量增加导致数浓度增大。3个月中,12月3—16日的数浓度变化范围波动较大,这是因为降雪的影响,一部分颗粒物吸附在雪中,随之降落到地面,使空气中悬浮的颗粒物减少。颗粒物数浓度与PM_(2.5)浓度、能见度、相对湿度显著相关,特别是大气中PM_(2.5)数浓度越高,能见度就相对越低。

The characteristics of atmospheric particle number concentration were studied during the early heating period.The data of PM2.5 , relative humidity, temperature, wind scale and atmospheric visibility were obtained in meteorological monitoring online .The results show that , the number of the days which the visibilities were less than 10 km was 3, 11, 9 respectively.The days which the PM2.5concentrations were higher than 100μg/m3 were 1, 9, 9 in October , November and December respectively .The average of particle number concentration were 17 775 , 36 345 and 34 640, respectively;The average of visibility were 23.6, 8.5, 9.7 km, it shows that the increasing of number concentration is mainly caused by coal-burning heating in November and December .The range of number concentration has large fluctuation in December , part of particle was adsorption in the snow , fall to the ground , so that reduce the content of suspended particulate matter in the air. The particle number concentration was significantly correlated with PM 2.5 concentration , visibility and relative humidity .This shows that the number concentration of PM 2.5 in the atmosphere is higher , the visibility is the lower .