财政分权和城镇化对地区环境污染的影响

Influence of Fiscal Decentralization and Urbanization on Regional Environment Pollution

在中国改革开放和现代化进程中,地区环境污染状况受到财政分权程度和城镇化水平的影响。采用中国30个省域2000—2013年的面板数据,构建空间计量模型及面板门槛模型,实证检验财政分权和城镇化对地区环境污染的影响,分析表明:我国目前的财政分权体制易于刺激地方政府发展高污染、高经济效益的工业产业,因而不利于环境污染的减少;城镇化对环境污染的影响具有以城乡均等化为标尺的门槛效应,城乡均等化水平较低时城镇化会导致环境污染增加,而城乡均等化水平较高时城镇化不存在这种负面效应;财政分权易于导致城乡差距扩大,进而会加剧城镇化的环境污染效应。应合理设置财政分权度,改革晋升考核体制;加强城乡均等化建设,促进新型城镇化发展。

In the process of China's reform and opening-up,regional environment pollution situation is affected by fiscal decentralization degree and urbanization level. This paper builds a theoretical framework to explore the mechanisms of fiscal decentralization and the impact of urbanization on environmental pollution; by using China's30 provinces' panel data of 2000-2013,by constructing spatial econometric model and panel threshold model,and empirically studies the relationship of fiscal decentralization,urbanization and environment pollution. The analysis results show that China's present fiscal decentralization system is easy to stimulate the local governments to develop the industries with high pollution and high economic benefit,and that it is adverse to reduce environment pollution.The influence of urbanization on environment pollution exists in urban and rural equalization for the threshold effect of the scale,lower level of equalization of urban and rural development of urbanization can lead to increased pollution,after crossing the threshold,there is no this negative effect while fiscal decentralization is easy to cause the gap between urban and rural areas and the pollution effect of urbanization. China should reasonably design fiscal decentralization system,reform promotion examination system,consolidate the construction of urban and rural equalization and boost new-style urbanization development.