基于CVM理论的塔里木河流域居民生态认知及支付决策行为研究

Cognitive ecology and payment decision-making behavior based on the theory of CVM in the Tarim River Basin

作为新疆南疆的核心区域,塔里木河流域居民的生态环境保护意识与参与意愿关系到当地环境演变态势。本文调查流域12个典型样本区,运用条件价值法、环境外部性与准公共物品理论分析1962户居民生态认知及支付行为。研究表明:(1)流域样本区60.30%的居民认为生态环境有所改善,67.30%的居民认为防护林的生态价值主要体现在保持土壤、涵养水源、调节气候与增加生物多样性,对生态系统服务功能的认知程度影响居民的最大支付意愿;(2)家庭禀赋、对环境价值的认知、对环境变化的心理感知的差异导致居民支付意愿影响因素存在异质性。下游居民有支付意愿的比重平均比上游高29.99%;且收入水平不影响居民对生态价值的理性、客观认知;(3)样本区居民参与环境保护呈现"零意愿"的比重平均为11.90%,其中"搭便车"心理与"对政府环境治理缺乏信任"的占比达到61.90%;流域下游居民作为环境改善的最直接受益者,对生态环境保护呈现"零意愿"的仅为5.30%;(4)考虑居民的异质性,并结合当地的经济社会条件、环境演变趋势、资源配置方式,是提高CVM理论评估环境价值有效性和可靠性的重要保障。

As the core area in southern Xinjiang, local residents in the Tarim River Basin will affect its environment evolution. Taking the Tarim River Basin as an example, we investigated payment behavior of 1962 residents using the conditional value method to analyze ecological attitudes, ecological environmental externalities and quasi-public goods. We found that 60.3% of river basin residents in the sample area think the ecological environment has been improved, and 67.3% of residents believe that protective forest can conserve soil, conserve water, regulate climate and increase biodiversity. The cognitive degree of ecosystem service had the greatest impact on residents＇ willingness to pay. Differences in family endowment, cognition of environmental value and psychological perception of climate change, cause the heterogeneity factors of residents＇ willingness to pay. Downstream residents＇ willingness to pay is an average 29.99% higher than that of upstream residents. Income level does not affect residents＇ objective and rational cognition of ecological value. Residents with zero willingness were 11.9%, psychological ＇free rider＇ and ＇lack trust in government to governance environment＇ account for 61.9%. River downstream residents act as the most direct beneficiaries of environment improvement, the proportion of zero willingness to ecological environment protection is only 5.3%. Considering the heterogeneity of residents, local economic and social conditions, environmental evolution trends and resource allocation play an important role in improving the validity and reliability of CVM theory when assessing environmental value.