近代中国工业分类研究

The Study of Industrial Classification in Modern China

在近代中国工业史、经济史的研究中,工业分类是甚为基础但学界至今尚未认真剖析的重要概念。当时,政府、业界、学界等机构或个人从各自的认知和立场出发,曾提出不同的分类方法,赋予其不同的涵义,并以此作为厘定、解析当时工业经济的标尺。但是,各分类者不仅均未能建立起通用的标准,而且在使用中存在诸多含混、歧义。此后,学界似乎未对此再行梳理、辨析;于是,近代中国工业史上这一重要概念渐被淡忘,但这一概念恰是规范地深入推进近代中国工业史研究的基本出发点。本文通过对近代中国各种工业分类法较为详尽的搜寻、比对,辨析各分类法的异同,探究各分类法取舍的逻辑,对其时的工业分类进行了相对详细、完整的探析,以求在此基础上,进一步推进近代中国工业发展的整体研究。

In the study of industrial economic history of modern China, as a very basic but important concept of academic research, ＇industrial classification＇ has not yet been emphasized seriously. From their own understanding and standpoint, the government, association, scholars, and others, advance different classifications ＆ different meanings, and regard it as an important concept to define, analyze, and research industrial economy of that time. However, because of the ambiguity, the applicable standards of these methods, and so on, they hadn＇t established general standard of industrial classification, and it has not been discussed any more. Then, the important concept seems to have been forgotten in modern industrial development history of China. This paper distinguishes the similarities ＆ differences and evaluates gains ＆ losses of various taxonomies through exhaustive search, comparison, explanation of these classifications. Thus, so far as it goes, the concept of ＇ industrial classification＇ had been analyzed so detailed and complete comparatively, and it is regarded as the basic start for further study of modem Chinese industrial history.