无独立请求权第三人参加诉讼的判决效力范围

The Relationship between the Intervention of Third Party without Independent Claim and the Scope of Judgment Effect

对于第三人参加诉讼时的判决效力范围问题,学理上存在颇多争议,大陆法系传统理论采参加效力说,认为本诉确定判决对诉讼参加人发生参加效力而非既判力。在纠纷一次解决的绝对化追求下,责任追究功能成为我国无独立请求权第三人制度设计和适用的核心,导致这一制度与大陆法系的诉讼参加制度发生了偏离,使得判决效力问题变得十分复杂而难以沿用辅助参加效力。对此,有必要回归到既判力原理的立场,结合无独立请求权第三人参加诉讼的不同形态,对判决效力范围予以具体分析和检视,以求既有制度与理论的尽量自洽。

There are many theoretical controversies on the scope of judgment effect of suits with the interventions of third parties. According to the traditional theory of civil law system,the final judgment of principal action only has an intervention effect for the intervener. In order to resolute disputes once and for all,the function of tracing accountability has become the core of the system of third party without independent claim in China,which makes it out of step with that in other continental legal systems. The effect of judgment has therefore become a more complicated problem and cannot resort to the auxiliary intervention effect. It is of necessity to recur to the principle of res judicata. In order to achieve the consistency between existing systems and theories,the scope of judgment effect shall be analyzed and reviewed based on specific forms of intervention of third party without independent claim.