诱导多能干细胞在皮肤病研究的应用进展

Application of induced pluripotent stem cells in studies of skin diseases

诱导多能干细胞是将一系列转录因子转入动物或人多种分化成熟的体细胞，经过重组的程序诱导获得多能干细胞，其在形态、增殖能力、表面抗原、基因和蛋白表达、分化能力等方面与胚胎干细胞相似，因此，科研工作者利用诱导多能干细胞代替胚胎干细胞来研究皮肤病。因诱导多能干细胞除具有多能性还具有无限增殖的能力，这些特性能使研究者获得无限的特定细胞，进而建立遗传性皮肤病模型。将致病的突变基因在诱导多能干细胞水平矫正，矫正后的诱导多能干细胞能产生基因正常的健康皮肤组织细胞，从而可望治疗遗传性皮肤病。

Induced pluripotent stem cells （iPSCs） are generated through a process termed “reprogramming”, in which a set of transcription factors were introduced into multiple mature animal or human somatic cells. Since iPSCs are similar to embryonic stem （ES） cells in morphology, proliferation, surface antigens, gene and protein s, differentiation potency and so on, they are used instead of ES cells to study skin diseases. In addition to pluripotency, iPSCs also have indefinite proliferative potential, and specific cells can be achieved indefinitely by using the potentials of iPSCs to establish models for genetic skin diseases. Furthermore, pathogenic mutations can be corrected in iPSCs, which can then be used to generate gene-corrected normal skin cells for the treatment of genetic skin diseases.