物联网技术在我国水产养殖上的应用发展对策

Development Strategy for Application of the Internet of Things in China's Aquaculture Industry

本文通过对我国水产养殖物联网技术应用现状和存在问题的分析,提出了发展水产养殖物联网应用的关键技术和政策建议。我国水产养殖物联网技术目前主要应用于养殖水环境监控、养殖区域管理监控、养殖动物生长状况监控以及养殖产品储运、加工环节监控等方面。面临的主要问题有:水产养殖业相当程度上还处于粗放型的生产阶段,不能适应现代化水产养殖生产的要求;物联网设备技术还不太可靠,行业标准尚不统一;资金投入大,成本高等问题。发展水产养殖物联网应解决的关键技术有:精准养殖环境感知技术,精准养殖模拟技术,精准养殖设备智能控制技术,精准养殖管理技术,精准养殖规模化生产集成技术等。建议政府有关部门要制定我国水产养殖物联网发展规划,全面布局;提升水产养殖信息化水平,优化水产养殖物联网应用环境;设立精准水产养殖环境感知技术研发项目;加强水产养殖物联网示范项目建设;加大政府推动水产养殖物联网产业化发展的作用。

Based on the analysis of the present situation and problems in application of Internet of Things（IoT） technology in Chinese aquaculture, this paper puts forward some key technical issues and policy suggestions for the development of the loT. At the moment, IoT technology has been used in the aquaculture industry for water quality monitoring, breeding area monitoring and management, livestock germination monitoring, aquaculatre product storage and transport, and supervision of processing procedures. During this early development stage, China is faced with a number of challenges in the application of this technology, including： Backward ex- tensive aquaculture practice and poor infrastructures; lack of advanced equipment and unified standards; and the need of large sum investment and high costs. A number of key technological issues should be solved in order to improve loT application in this industry, including： precise aquaculture sensor technology for precise breeding simulation technology, precise intelligent control technology for aquaculture equipment, precise aquaculture management technology, and precise integrated production technology for large-scale aquaculture. Finally, this paper makes suggestions to relevant government agencies on the formulation of an comprehensive develop- ment plan for China aquaculture IoT technology to enhance industrial informatization and optimize the application facilities for IoT,initiate a research and development program for precise aquaculture environmental sensor technology, advance the implementation of aquaculture IoT demonstration projects, and upgrade the government＇s capacity for promoting the commercialization of aquaculture IoT.