海水养殖容量评估方法及在养殖管理上的应用

Carrying Capacity Assessment and Its Application in Mariculture Management

随着海水养殖规模的增大,超负荷养殖使得养殖水环境遭到严重破坏,病害加剧,危及养殖产业的可持续发展。亟待加强养殖容量研究,建立科学的适应性管理对策。本文综述了国内外有关海水网箱、贝类、藻类等养殖容量研究进展、存在的问题。指出了容量评估的关键技术,主要包括:生态容量评估的指标体系、养殖生物个体生长数值模型、水动力过程与生态模型的耦合。分析了养殖容量研究在指导养殖密度调整、优化养殖布局、拓展养殖空间以及构建新型养殖模式中的作用。对于未来开展养殖容量研究提出了三点建议:建立养殖水域的容量评估制度、设立近海养殖结构与养殖容量评估的长期监测实验站、设立养殖容量研究和布局与结构调整专项,以建立生态系统水平的养殖管理策略。

With the growing scale of the mariculture industry, the problem of storage overcapacity in aquaculture has caused serious damage to the aquatic environment and the aggravated the dangers of disease, which have hurt the sustainable development of this industry in the long term. So it is urgent to strengthen the research on carrying capacity and to set up the scientific and adaptive management strategies. This paper reviews the progress of research and existing problems relating to the mariculture industry＇s carrying capacity for cage, shellfish, macroalgae, etc; it also points out the key technologies behind capacity evaluation, including the index system of ecological capacity assessment, the numerical model of individual growth of cultured organisms, the coupling of hydrodynamic processes and ecological models; Furthermore, this article analyzes the role of carrying capacity in determining the current population density of mariculmral farms and optimizing the layout of the mariculture operations, expanding the maricultural farming space and building a new mode of maricultural farming. And then, this paper advanced three suggestions for developing a capacity evaluation system in aquaculture waters, including establishing the long-term monitoring experimental station of the offshore aquaculture structure, culture capacity assessment, setting up research initiatives for aquaculture capacity research, and identifying the layout and structural adjustment for establishing a ecosystem management strategy.