滴灌条件下覆膜对玉米的节水增产效应研究

Study on water-saving and yield-increasing effects of maize with Plastic Film Mulch under Drip Irrigation conditions

为了制定膜下滴灌条件下的玉米灌溉制度,于2014—2015连续两年,在辽宁省盖州灌溉试验站进行了覆膜与不覆膜处理对玉米出苗率、干物质积累、植株生长性状、耗水量及产量影响的对比试验。结果表明:覆膜处理由于地温较高较不覆膜处理出苗率显著提高8.07%;在营养生长期,覆膜处理显著提高了玉米的干物质积累量,而转为生殖生长时,覆膜处理对玉米植株干物质积累量影响不再显著;虽然覆膜处理综合提高了玉米各生长性状的数值,使之存在提高玉米腾发量的可能,但是由于覆膜处理在玉米各个生育期显著降低了土壤水分蒸发量,最后并未增加玉米的耗水量,反而降低了玉米各个生育期的需水量;覆膜处理显著降低了玉米需水量并提高了产量,因此其水分生产率非常高,覆膜处理较不覆膜处理,水分生产率显著提高了53.6%,其经济效益和社会效益巨大。

To determine the rational irrigation regimes under drip irrigation with plastic film mulch,experiment has been conducted to study the effects of plastic film mulch（PFM）on maize emergence rate,growth characteristics,water consumption and maize yield.Results showed that：PFM can statistically improve maize emergence rate by 8.07% for the higher ground temperature compared with the treatment of non-PFM.There is significant difference between PFM and non-PFM in maize dry matter during the vegetative period.But the effects are low during reproductive period. Although,there is strong possibility to enhance the evapotranspiration for increase of maize growth characteristics with PFM,the evapotranspiration is significantly decreased for the lower soil water evaporation with treatment of PFM.Therefore,PFM matter greatly to the maize water productivity.The PFM significantly increase the water productivity by 53.6% and there are lager potentials to improve the economic and social benefits.