中南阿拉斯加主要河流及其特征分析

Analysis of the rivers and their characteristics in Southcentral Alaska

所有的河流都是塑造地貌的能手,中南阿拉斯加的水系对当地的地形地貌产生了显著的影响。通过研究阿拉斯加中南部的河流及其特征有助于进一步了解中南阿拉斯加的地貌特征。在梳理主要河系、河流作用以及河流流量相关知识的前提下,对阿拉斯加中南部地区的主要河流及其特征进行了分析。指出:1由于气候凉爽、水量丰沛、大山环绕,阿拉斯加中南部地区发育了成千上万道河流水系。主要有科珀河(铜河)水系、苏西特纳河水系、马塔努斯卡河水系、克尼克河水系、基奈河水系、库克湾、威廉王子湾、阿拉斯加海湾沿海诸河水系、育空河水系,以及卡斯科奎姆河水系等;2通过河流沉积作用形成了洪积平原、蜿蜒型河道、辫状河道和河口三角洲;3通过河流侵蚀作用形成阶梯侵蚀、峡谷和瀑布;4在阿拉斯加中南部地区,大多数河流在冬季流量极小,而当春末融雪时流量就会大幅度增加。

Streams are powerful and influential shapers of the landscape that have greatly influenced the topography of Southcentral Alaska.It helps to understand the terrain characteristics in Southcentral Alaska through the study of the rivers and their characteristics.This paper analyzes the rivers and their characteristics in Southcentral Alaska on the basis of combing a variety of factors which affect the main river system,stream action and streamflow under the premise of knowledge.It points out：Thanks to a cool climate,sufficient moisture,and large mountains to trap that moisture thousands of streams and rivers flow through Southcentral Alaska.There are mainly Copper River system,Susitna River system,Matanuska system,Knik system,Kenaisystem,Cook Inletsystem,Prince William Soundsystem,Gulf of Alaskasystem,Yukon Riversystem and Kuskokwim Riversystem,etc.;Through the affect of the fluviatile deposit,they form floodplain, meandering streams,braided stream and estuarine delta;Through the affect of the river erosion,they form alluvial terraces,gorge and waterfall;In Southcentral Alaska,most rivers have very little discharge in winter,but have a dramatic increase in late spring when the melts.