沈心工对中国新式教科书之贡献

On Shen Xingong's Contribution to New-style Textbooks in China

沈心工是中国首届师范生,1897年参编南洋公学《蒙学课本》是中国人自编的第一套新式教科书,为近现代教科书发展指明方向。1904年,他在南洋公学附小开设唱歌课,以歌作戈,陆续编辑《学校唱歌集》《民国唱歌集》《心工唱歌集》等音乐教科书,成为中国近现代中小学音乐教科书之父。沈心工以其师范教育背景和先锋使命感,编辑的教科书首次规范单位时间的教学内容,并设计课文辅助系统,有利于教学活动目标明确且集中;首次阐明国民素质与国家兴亡重要关系,明确国民教育之重要,目的直指社会改造;首次明确教育要合乎儿童心理发展,立足长期教学实践,探寻教科书编制规律。

Shen Xingong, one of the first normal graduates in China, participated in the compilation of the Elementary Textbook of Nanyang Public School in 1897, the first version of new-style textbooks, which set the direction of modern textbooks’ development. In 1904, he started singing lessons in Nanyang Public School. Then he edited musical textbooks like Collection of Campus Songs, Collection of Songs in the Republic of China and Collection of Xingong Songs, which entitled him the father of modern elementary musical textbooks in China. With the background of normal education and sense of pioneering mission, Shen Xingong initiatively specified the pedagogical content in unit time in the textbooks he compiled, and designed the supporting system for texts to facilitate the realization of focused teaching goals. And, he also highlighted the vital role of national eduction in the rise of the nation, which intended to renovate the society. Additionally, he emphasized that education was supposed to satisfy the need of children＆#39;s mental development, and be well-grounded in long-term pedagogical practices to explore the principles of textbook compilation.