北京与东京的社会阶层结构状况比较研究

A Comparative Study of the Structure of Social Stratification in Beijing and Tokyo

通过对中国北京和日本东京两个城市的人口普查数据比较分析可以发现:表面上看,两个城市在关联社会阶层结构的人口结构、就业结构及职业结构三个层面存在相似形态,但实质上存在结构性差异。这主要体现在:与东京相比,北京的人口结构处于不稳定的变动期,且在就业年龄结构上更具年轻化特征;第三产业发展仍较滞后,中低端产业的从业人员比重较大,且行业间的分层化较为明显;"白领"从业人员相对较少,中低端"蓝领"职业者相对较多。由此可以推测,北京与世界城市东京相比,在社会阶层结构上存在较大差异,北京的社会阶层结构仍处于变动期,且距"橄榄型"社会形态还有一定差距,北京的社会阶层结构仍需不断优化。

Based on a comparative analysis of 2010 census data in Beijing and Tokyo,the paper draws the following conclusions. On the surface,the two cities have similar structures in population,employment,and occupation,but there are structural differences in nature.First,compared with that of Tokyo,Beijing＇s population structure is in an unstable state,and the employment structure is younger. Second,the third industry in Beijing is less developed than that of Tokyo.The low-end industries still dominate the employment of the population,and the stratification between industries is significant. Third,compared with Tokyo, ＂ white collar＂ employees are relatively fewer than the low-end ＂blue collar＂workers in Beijing. It can be concluded that there are still considerable differences of social stratification structure between Beijing and Tokyo.Unstable and changing,the structure of social stratification in Beijing is way from the ＂ olivary＂ social form.