中美牧草育种的现状与异同

Status,similarities and differences on forage breeding in USA and China

牧草育种工作是草牧业可持续发展的重要基础。本文总结了中、美两国在牧草种质资源、牧草育种技术、牧草育种体系的现状与差异。主要表现为我国牧草种质资源保存量较少,虽然做了大量评价工作,但利用不足;常规育种方法仍旧是两国培育新品种的主要模式,但是我国在投入和研究的细致程度上还有较大差距;美国的研究主体更加多元,重视新品种知识产权保护和产、学、研、推有效结合,共同促进了美国牧草产业的高速发展。了解中美牧草育种的现状与异同,可以为中国牧草育种的发展提供一定的思路。

Forage breeding is an important basis for the sustainable development of grass and animal husbandry.The status and differences of forage germplasm resources,the technology and system of forage breeding in USA and China were reviewed in this paper.Forage germplasm resources saved less and lack of utilization although a great deal of evaluation work accomplished between China than USA;conventional breeding method is still the main mode for cultivating new varieties,but there is a large gap in the investment and research degree between China and USA;the research subjects in USA are more diverse.They attach importance to the protection of intellectual property of new varieties,the effective combination of industry,learning,research and promotion,which are important to make the rapid development of forage industry in USA.The understanding about the similarities and differences between the two countries is helpful to provide some ideas for the forage breeding development of China.