四川省《食品中污染物限量》跟踪评价调查

Tracking Evaluation of Food Safety National Standard for Maximum Levels of Contaminant in Food in Sichuan Province

目的了解国家食品安全标准《食品中污染物限量》(GB2762-2012)在四川省实施的情况和相关人员对该标准的评价,为进一步实施及完善食品安全体系建设提供决策依据。方法 2014年采用多阶段抽样对四川省成都等15个市300家企业进行问卷调查,使用SPSS 20.0统计软件进行数据整理和统计分析;单因素分析采用Fisher确切概率法、秩和检验,多因素分析采用logistic回归对影响因素进行分析。结果 95.1%的调查对象表示知晓《食品中污染物限量》(GB2762-2012);影响知晓率的因素中,学历因素、企业规模对调查对象知晓情况影响有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在知晓该标准的调查对象中,不同特征的调查对象对该标准的整体评价不同,85.2%的调查对象表示对该标准非常满意,82.3%认为该标准整体可操作性较好,83.9%认为该标准整体合理,82.2%认为该标准的问答能够解决遇到的问题。结论《食品中污染物限量》在四川省整体实施情况较好,但通过跟踪评价发现,在具体应用仍存在问题。应进一步加强对该标准宣贯,且宣贯重点应向学历偏低的人员、企业规模偏小的单位倾斜;在实施过程上级部门应加强对下级部门的指导工作,同时要优化完善标准的内容。

Objective To investigate the implementation of Food Safety National Standard for Maximum Levels of Contaminant（ GB2762- 2012） and the individual evaluation from relevant staff in Sichuan province,provide scientific evidence to improve the food safety system for policy decision. Methods Based on multistage sampling survey in 300 enterprises from 15 cities of Sichuan Province in 2014,by the SPSS 20. 0 statistical software,the results of survey were collected to analyze. Single factor analysis adopted the Fisher＇s exact probability method and rank sum test; multiple factors analysis adopted the logistic regression analysis. Results 95. 1%of staff said that they know the Food Safety National Standard for Maximum Levels of Contaminant（ GB2762-2012）. The education and enterprise scale were the effective factors,which affected significantly the staff awareness（ P〈0. 05）. Among the staff knew the standard,the different kind of staff had different opinion on this standard. 85. 2% staff was satisfied,82. 3% staff was pleased with good maneuverability,83. 9% staff thought the standard was reasonable,82. 2% staff thought the question and answer in this standard could solve the practical problems. Conclusion Food Safety National Standard for Maximum Levels of Contaminant（ GB2762-2012） is implemented very well. But there were several problems existed on implementation details based on tracking evaluation. It should be strengthened on publicizing,especially the small enterprises and low education staff,supervising from the authorities and improving the content of standard.